peria fertigasi

projek tanam peria secara fertigasi

pkk peria secara fertigasi kalau x silap baru umur 8 hari sejak semai anak benih

buluh pancang di pasang agar pkk peria mudah memanjat








pkk 2 peria nie kena panjat sampai jaring atas ,lepas tu boleh le menjalar kemana saja

cili 151 dan timun 118

hasil bulan november dan december 2009

peria atau petola

block 3 timun akan habis lagi 2 minggu ,mintak2 blok 4 punya timun akan menyempurnakan sasaran 1000kg pengeluaran sehari ,blok 1 sasaran tecapai ,tapi blok 2 baru seminggu je ambil hasil pkk timun dah kena powder mildew & downy mildew.
rasa lepas nie nak cuba main peria secara fertigasi untuk blok 1 dgn sasaran 4000 polibeg ,persiapan utk tanama peria sudah siap 80% ,mungkin esok atau lusa boleh le masuk benih dalam polibeg .kali nie biar le masa yg menentukan pengeluaran hasil peria kami

gambar akan menyusul..................

Timun vs cili kulai

hari nie pagi2 pukul 7 dah sampai lombong duit yg kami cipta .tgk pkk timun dan jalan2 sekitar kawasan periksa pagar ,air ,pum air ,sistem peparitan dan tangki simpanan air supaya berada dlm keadaan baik.
skrg nie cuma pkk timun je yg ada ,walaupun harga cili mahal kami hanya tanam 500 pkk je sementara tunggu masa yg sesuai utk tanam cili,kali nie kami berharap pengeluaran sebanyak 1000kg dapat di hasilkan utk sehari bagi timun susu jenama azr 666.hari nie juga kami telah memaklumkan pada pembekal bahawa timun nie akan di jangka keluar lagi 6 ke 10 hari dari hari ini .

timun susu

projek tanaman timun susu secara fertigasi di batu 20 jln sungai lui 43100 hulu langat

setakat ini dgn 1500 pokok timun susu kami hanya berjaya mengambil hasil 4tan sahaja.ternyata timun susu ni buah dia kurang berbanding timun hijau ,kerana timun hijau dengan jumlah yg sama kami di tanahkita pernah mendapat hasil sebanyak 5.5tan /1000pkk.

pkk timun yg sedang membesar

jaring sayur di gunakan supaya mudah pkk timun menjalar

info

timun susu lebih mahal dari timun hijau

DISEASE CONTROL IN PLANTS

Plants, like us are vulnerable to disease. All living things are made up of a collection of cells. Plant and animal cell structure is similar in make up, having a cell wall containing the cell’s internal components, such as the nucleus and the protoplast: the 'hollow' part of the cell where the cell conducts activities. There are many different types of plant cell, but all cells, be they plant or animal, share some basic characteristics. Because they are cellular structures, plants are subject to disruption of their cells by invading organisms. Thus at the microbial level the plant may be invaded by pathogens. These are organisms which do harm or cause the death of the plant by extracting its nutrients, damaging the cell structure, or producing toxic by-products. These pathogens can come in the form of either viruses or bacteria. Both of these types of infection will do major harm to your carefully nurtured plant.

Bacteria attack the plant cells in the same way that they attack our own cells. Think back to the last time you had a cold or flu, remember how unwell you felt and how your energy was depleted. The plant also has to use a lot of energy in order to stop infection from spreading. One way in which it can fight back is by sealing off the diseased area and so blocking the pathways available to the intruding pathogen.

It has been found that plants also use Salicylic Acid (the active ingredient in aspirin) as a trigger to mobilize their defences against attack.

Unfortunately, as there are no antibiotics that can be used on plants, the pathogenic bacteria are very difficult, if not impossible, to kill. They normally enter the plant via the site of some type of injury. For this reason, if no other, it is very important to check your plants daily for signs of damage from insects and other predation, as well as physical cuts and scratches.

Virus attack is usually caused in a similar manner, but these organisms are very much smaller than bacteria and can enter via the tiniest mark. Once inside the plant they live within the cells and are unable to be killed without destroying the plant.

Plants are also susceptible to fungal infections. Fungi, unlike the microbial pathogens, attack using spores. These can lie dormant for long periods of time and then be triggered to come to life. They are mainly an essential and welcome addition to the garden because they break down dead and decaying material and improve the humus content of the soil. Some, however, are bad news for the grower and cause disease within the growing area.

Fungi in general tend to attach to the outside of the plant and use root like structures to penetrate the plant and steal its nutrients. For this reason they are vulnerable to chemical attack and destruction. There are various preparations available for eradicating fungal attack.

The best form of defence against plant disease is vigilance and meticulous hygiene. Here are a few ways in which you can help to prevent attack within your grow room or greenhouse.

Always wash your hands in hot soapy water before entering the growing area.

Always destroy diseased plants and all their dead leaves and debris.

Always use new, or well washed and sterilized, pots when planting new plants and cuttings.

Allow as much free air between your plants as possible. This cuts down on the transmission of fungal infections.

Ban all smokers from your growing area. Tobacco is one of the biggest causes of the spread of Tobacco Mosaic Virus which attacks various plants. It is carried on the skin of people who use tobacco products.

Five Hormones Determine Your Plants Success or Failure.

Five plant hormones have been identified as being responsible for the development of the plant throughout its life. Each of them has complicated functions. The relationship between their activities changes with the plants stage of development. Put simply, they are:

a) Auxins which develop in leaf buds and leaves.
b) Gibberellins which develop in shoot buds and seeds.
c) Cytokinins which develop in root tips.
d) Abscisic Acid which develops in mature leaves.
e) Ethylene which develops as a gas in any plant cell.

Auxins

These hormones are responsible for stimulating elongation in the plant cells. They tend to concentrate in the root and shoot tips and also on the underside of horizontal branches and stems. They cause the branch or stem to curve upwards to the vertical position.

Gibberellins

The Gibberellins affect the rate of cell growth of the plant between the nodes. They are also responsible for slowing the growth in high light situations. They are involved in flowering, breaking the dormant cycle of the plant and in seed growth signalling.

Cytokinins

The division of the plants cells is controlled by Cytokinins. They stimulate the starting of leaf and shoot growth. In concentration they stop rooting, so care is needed around clones and seedlings.

Abscisic Acid

This hormone is part of the plants ageing process. It controls seed development as well as closing the stomata during periods of water stress.

Ethylene (C2H2)
This gas is produced within most of the plants cells as it ages and in concentration causes the fruits to ripen, flowers and leaves to age and leaves and fruits to fall.

masa kutip timun sudah tiba

Teknik fertigasi sekali lagi telah berjaya di gunakan tetapi dengan pemantauan sepenuhnya .dengan teknik ini pokok 2 timun diladang batu 20 hulu langat telah dapat di petik sebanyak 300kg bagi kapasiti pokok sebanyak 1500pkk .Bila cerita macam nie je ramai yg berminat dgn teknik fertigasi dengan sangkaan jika guna teknik fertigasi kita boleh tanam dan tinggal .bagi saya tiada benda yg boleh di tinggal tanpa pemantauan . tanaman juga perlu di belai mcm manusia juga baru le akan menghasilkan pengeluaran yg lumaian.kenapa ramai yg berpendapat teknik fertigasi adalah teknik tanaman yg mudah.adakah kerana x payah angkut air ke setiap pokok.mmg le fertigasi tu sistem pengairan dan pembajaan dilakukan serentak ,tetapi kita kena ingat sistem pengairan juga perlu di periksa selalu ,jika tidak air dan baja tidak akan sampai ke pokok.bab nie le yg org ramai buat x kisah .dia ingat boleh tanam dan tinggal .jangan pulak bila dah guna teknik fertigasi ,kita dah x payah buat pengawalan serangga.pengawalan serangga juga amat penting .sekali lagi kita kena ingat fertigas nie cuma pengairan dan pembajaan saja yg di buat secara optimum. racun kena juga .x kisah ke guna racun kimia ataupun secara organik.apa 2 pun fertigasi nie adalah teknik penanaman secara moden yg dapat memudahkan, menjimat wang ,tenaga kerja dan masa

teknik tanaman taugeh

sambil2 tanam cili boleh juga buat tanaman sampingan seperti taugeh
hari saya nak kongsi bersama rakaman tanaman taugeh video taugeh .untuk mendapat maklumat lebih lanjut sila layari atau muat turun di sini

PROJEK FERTIGASI BERKELOMPOK

PROJEK TANAMAN SECARA FERTIGASI DI KAWASAN SELUAS 8 EKAR PUSPEN DENGKIL

KINI PROJEK TANAMAN DI KECILKAN SKALANYA DARI 30 EKAR KE 8 EKAR DIATAS SEBAB JANGKA MASA PANJANG





kerja2 pemasangan silvershine dan penyususan batu bata telah bermula


kerja pembutan rumah pam dan tangki pembajaan



keadaan kerja awalan bagi projek tanaman cili secara fertigasi

Program Usahasama Tanaman Sayuran Fertigasi Berkelompok

PROJEK TANAMAN SECARA FERTIGASI DI KAWASAN SELUAS 30 EKAR PUSPEN DENGKIL

tanah yg bakal diusahakan dengan tanaman secara fertigasi

boldozer yg sedia menunggu arahan bagi kerja2 penolakan dan meratakan tanah

tanah yg baru diratakan oleh boldozer .masa nie kawan kita tengah cuba 4WD dia masuk kawasan projek sambil misi mencari kunci hilux saya yg tercicir.nasib jumpa

projek tanaman secara fertigasi batu 20 jalan sungai lui 43100 hulu langat

plot sini ada 200o pkk





plot sini ada 9500 pkk









plot sini ada 1500 pkk dan tgh keluar buat .baru 3 minggu .40 kg utk 1500pkk selang sehari petik

soap

Soap has been used as an old remedy to control pests. Salts and fatty acids are found in many soaps
which act as selective pesticides.

Method of preparation

Method #1: Mix 2 teaspoons mild
detergent with 4 liters of water.

Method #2: Mix 2 teaspoons mild
detergent with 4 liters of water.

Method #3: Mix 3 tablespoons of soap
flakes (not detergent) with 4 liters of water.
Method #4: Mix 1 tablespoon of
dishwashing detergent with 1 cup of
cooking oil, to make a stock solution. For a
gallon of spray, add 5 to 8 tablespoons of
stock solution to a gallon of water.

Method #5: Mix 2 1/2 tablespoons of liquid
soap to a gallon of water. Stir well

How to use

1. Add soap to water. Use mild soap or
potash-based soap.
2. Start with a lower concentration and
make adjustments of the strength after
testing on few infested plants.

3. Always try on few infested plants
before going into full scale spraying.
Soaps can cause burnt leaves on
sensitive plants, like cole crops and
certain ornamentals. Several
applications in short periods can
aggravate drying of leaves.

4. Apply on the infested plants
thoroughly, including the undersides of
the leaves. Spray early in the morning
or late afternoon.

Pests controlled

Ants,Aphid,Fruit fly,Leafhoppers,Mealybug,Psyllids
Scales,Spider mite,Thrips,Whitefly,Black spot,Canker
Leaf spot,Powdery mildew and Rust

PROGRAM RAKAN TANI (CONTRAC FARMING)

Kini TANAH KITA telah membuka semula penyertaan baru program RAKAN TANI(contrac farming) setelah kami mendapat semula perjanjian bekalan sebanyak 3.5 tan sehari .


apa yg anda dapat jika meyertai kami

a)pengurusan jualan hasil tani
b)pembelian peralatan pertanian dgn harga istimewa
c)bimbingan teknik penanaman secara fertigasi
d)rangkaian pertanian yg besar

untuk yg berminat sila dapatkan borang permohonan disini.

projek hulu langat batu 20

projek tanaman cili secara fertigasi di batu 20 jln sungai lui 43100 hulu langat ,dengan keluasan 14500 pokok

PROGRAM RAKAN TANI BERKELOMPOK

kami TANAH KITA telah merancang satu program yang dapat membantu menyelesaikan masalah penanaman secara fertigasi .dengan bantuan AA AGRO SDN BHD . masalah penanaman secara fertigasi dapat di selenggara di bawah satu pengurusan yang cekap dan berpengalaman .untuk malumat lanjut sila layari klik sini

Pepper Mild Mottle Virus

Pepper Mild Mottle Virus

Mechanically Transmitted Tobamovirus

Found worldwide

Symptoms
Foliar symptoms of pepper mild mottle mosaic virus
(PMMV) consist of mottling and yellow/green mosaic,
while fruit may be small, malformed and mottled, with
sunken or raised necrotic spots. Yield loss is
considerable when young plants become infected.

Conditions for Disease Development
PMMV is not transmitted by insects. It can be seedborne,
consequently, the seedlings can be infected by
mechanical contamination from their seed coats during
transplanting or other cultural procedures. This is a
primary source of infection.
The virus is quite stable and highly infectious and is
easily spread from plant to plant during normal crop
maintenance. Also, the virus can persist in the previous
crop in infected pepper debris such as leaves, stems
or roots in soil for several months.
Control
Resistance to PMMV is available in some varieties.
Consult with your extension agent for recommendations.
Use seed from healthy plants. If seed is suspected
of infection with PMMV then do the following: soak
seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP) for 2.5 hr while
stirring the seeds in the solution. Change the TSP once
after 30 min. Rinse seeds thoroughly in tap water after
the treatment to remove residues of TSP and spread
seeds out to dry. The above procedure will significantly
reduce levels of PMMV in external and internal portions
of the pepper seed. Do not re-contaminate seed by
placing them in used containers.
Use a 1-year rotation to avoid continuous pepper
cultivation. Keep production area and seedbeds free of
volunteer peppers that can serve as over-wintering hosts
for the virus.
If growing seedlings and transplants in a
greenhouse, then use steam-pasteurized soil in which
plant debris has been allowed to thoroughly decompose
since PMMV may be protected in thick pieces of root
and stem refuse.
Avoid touching or handling pepper plants prior to
setting them in the field. Remove diseased pepper
seedlings that show mild mottle or mosaic symptoms
on the foliage. Remove one or two plants adjacent to
those plants that show symptoms. Do not touch other
seedlings while discarding them. Dip hands in milk while
handling plants every 5 minutes (more often if different
lots of plants are handled). Rubber gloves will protect
hands. Do not clip or damage young seedlings since
this increases the possibility of mechanical transmission
of the virus from contaminated tools or hands.
Remove diseased plants from the field as soon as
virus symptoms are noticed. This will reduce the spread
of the virus by direct contact between plants. Work in
diseased portions of fields last, after working in healthy
portions of fields. Cultural practices should be used
that minimize contact with plants by workers and
equipment or tools.
Disinfect tools, stakes, and equipment before moving
from diseased areas to healthy areas. This can be done
by: 1) soaking 10 minutes in a 1:10 dilution of a 5.25%
sodium hypochlorite, do not rinse; or 2) by washing
(enough to clean) in detergent at the concentrations
recommended for washing clothes or dishes. Keep all
solutions fresh.
Hands and tools may be washed with soap or milk.
Work in diseased areas after working in unaffected parts
of a field. Wash clothing that comes into contact with
ToMV/TMV-infected plants with hot water and a
detergent.

PROJEK TANAMAN FERTIGASI STAGE 3 PHASE 1 DI BATU 20 SUNGAI LUI DGN
KELUASAN 11250 PKK

polibeg yg baru siap 8500 pkk .bekalan media telah habis .jadi hari nie kerja separuh hari je kerja

PROJEK TANAMAN FERTIGASI STAGE 3

PROJEK TANAMAN FERTIGASI STAGE 3 PHASE 1 DI BATU 20 SUNGAI LUI DGN KELUASAN 11250 PKK



stor penyimpanan hasil dan barang.silap2 jadi rumah pekerja


KERJA2 TOLAK TANAH YG BARU SELESAI



tanah yg dah rata di tolak rata


polibeg saiz 18 x 18 di gunakan bagi menjaga berat hasil tidak terlalu cepat menurun.bilangan polibeg sebanyak 4100 sudah siap di susun

TANAM CILI FERTIGASI STAGE 3 PHASE 1 ZONE A

PROJEK TANAMAN FERTIGASI STAGE 3 PHASE 1 DI LOT 2291 BATU 16 1/2 DUSUN TUA DGN KELUASAN 2000 PKK

rumah semaian yang boleh memuatkan 14k anak pkk cili

anak pkk cili yg berumur 5 hari sejak semai



anak pokok umur 13 hari

Pepper Mottle Virus

Pepper Mottle Virus

Aphid-Transmitted Potyvirus

Found in tropical and sub-tropical regions, notably in
Central America, Florida, and India
World Vegetable Center

Symptoms
Symptoms include mottle and puckering of leaves, and
misshapen leaves and fruit. Symptomatic leaves are
not as chlorotic as those infected with alfalfa mosaic
virus (AMV). Heavily infected plants may be stunted
and fruit yields reduced. Foliage and fruit symptoms
are less severe in plants that are infected at a later
stage of development.
The virus may occur in mixed infections with other
related viruses such as potato virus Y (PVY), tobacco
etch virus (TEV) or pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV).

Conditions for Disease Development
Pepper mottle virus (PepMV) is transmitted by aphids
such as green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), cotton
melon aphid (Aphis gossypii), and cowpea aphid (Aphis
craccivora) from infected host plants, which are often
weeds such as Datura spp. and nightshade.
An aphid gets the virus by feeding on an infected
plant for only a few seconds. The aphid can then transmit
the virus immediately the next time it bites into a plant,
then losing the virus. The virus is generally retained by
the aphid for no more than one hour.
The virus also may be introduced into pepper crops
on infected transplants, and then spread by aphids to
nearby weeds, which act as future reservoirs for the
virus.
PepMV is mechanically-transmitted by plant sap
but not by simple contact between plants. PepMV can
be transmitted by grafting but not by pepper seed.

Control
Resistant varieties are available. Check with your
extension agent for resistant cultivars that are available
in your region.
Use of insecticides during the growing season is
ineffective; however, control of aphids early in the season
prior to seeding or planting the field, to reduce initial
infection and spread, may be useful. Spray weeds
bordering the field with an aphicide prior to seeding or
planting the field. This will prevent the aphids from moving
to other plants and infecting them when subsequent
weed control is started. Destroy all annual weeds in
the field, including those in ditches, hedge or fencerows,
and other locations.Use a 32-mesh or finer mesh netting to exclude
aphids from transplants before they are set into the
field. Avoid planting peppers close to established
tomato, tobacco, and pepper fields since these fields
may harbor aphids. Plant earlier to avoid high aphid
populations that occur later in the season.
Other control measures include scouting fields for
the first occurrence of virus disease. Where feasible,
infected plants should be pulled up and destroyed, but
only after spraying them thoroughly with an insecticide
to kill any insects they may be harboring.
Reflective mulches may be used to repel aphids,
thereby reducing the rate of spread of aphid-borne
viruses. Aphid populations should be monitored early
in the season and mineral oil or other insecticide
treatments applied when needed. The mineral oil sprays
will reduce the frequency of transmission of the virus
by the vector and thereby delay development of the
disease in the pepper crop.

Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Aphid-Transmitted Cucumovirus

Found worldwide:World Vegetable Center

Symptoms
Symptoms vary widely. One of the most common
expressions is a severely stunted, nonproductive plant
that has dull light green foliage with a leathery
appearance but not distinctive foliar markings.
In some cases the leaves become narrow and no
longer expand, while in other cases, small necrotic
specks or ring spots with oak leaf patterns develop.
Sometimes a necrotic line develops across the leaf.
Affected leaves may drop prematurely. Older plants that
are infected may show foliar mottling or no symptoms
on foliage or fruit. Fruit may be wrinkled, bumpy, pale to yellowish
green in color, sometimes with sunken lesions. On
some varieties lines or ring spots may develop.

Conditions for Disease Development
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is not transmitted
through pepper seed. CMV can be mechanically
transmitted but because it is not as stable as TMV,
workers handling infected pepper plants do not as
readily transmit it.
More than 80 species of aphids including the green
peach aphid, Myzus persicae, are an vector of CMV;
weeds are hosts for the virus as well as for the aphid
vectors. The large number of aphid vector species and
natural host reservoirs accounts for the high incidence
of CMV in field plants.
Aphid vectors can acquire and transmit the virus
after feeding for only one minute, but the ability to
transmit it declines quickly. Pepper is not a preferred
host of the green peach aphid, which normally prefers
to feed on cucurbits and other plants. Most epidemics
occur when aphids feed early in the season on weeds
that may be symptomless but serve as reservoirs for
the primary virus inoculum, and then later the virusbearing
aphids colonize the pepper plants.

Control
Pepper varieties resistant to some strains of CMV exist.
Check with your extension agent for resistant varieties
that are available in your region.
Current control measures for CMV are mainly
preventive due to the wide host range of the virus and
the numerous aphid vectors. Vegetable seedlings, other
than pepper, derived from CMV-infected seeds can also
serve as potential primary sources of virus. The use of
virus-free seeds together with the eradication of virus
reservoirs such as volunteer plants and nearby weeds
can be effective in controlling CMV.
Grow seedlings in a structure or seedbed protected
with netting of mesh size of 32 or greater to prevent
aphids from entering. Discard any seedlings or young
plants that show virus symptoms. Do not touch other
seedlings while discarding them. Avoid touching or
handling plants prior to setting them in the field. Dip
hands in milk while handling plants. Do not clip or
damage young seedlings since this increases the
possibility of mechanical transmission of the virus from
contaminated tools or hands. Remove diseased plants
from the field as soon as virus symptoms are noticed.
This will reduce the spread of the virus by aphid vectors.
Disinfect tools, stakes, and equipment before moving
from diseased areas to healthy areas. Hands and tools
may be washed with soap or milk. Work in diseased
areas last, after working in unaffected parts of a field.
Insecticide sprays that are not fast-acting may not
be that effective because the aphids move to other
nearby unsprayed plants when disturbed.
If feasible, plant either very early or very late in the
season to avoid exposing young plants to high or
migratory aphid populations. Prevent aphids from
reaching the pepper crop by covering the planted area
with fine 32-mesh nylon net.
Other less effective measures include: planting
barrier crops that are not susceptible to CMV such as
corn, applying sticky traps, or covering the ground with
an aphid deterrent material like aluminum foil strips.
Another control strategy is to grow trap crops nearby
that attract aphids and then spray these plants with a
contact insecticide to destroy the aphid populations.
Also, spray the pepper crop with mineral oil to delay
virus spread in the field by interfering with aphid
transmission of the virus.

Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

Aphid-Transmitted Potyvirus

Found in many Asian countries

Symptoms
Leaf mottle and dark green vein-banding are the most
characteristic symptoms. Leaves of some cultivars are
smaller and distorted. Symptoms are most obvious on
the younger, smaller leaves.
Plants infected when young become stunted and
have dark-green streaks on their stems and branches.
Most of their flowers drop before fruit formation. A few
mottled, distorted fruit may be produced. Such
symptoms contribute to significant yield losses.

Conditions for Disease Development
Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) is transmitted by
several species of aphids: green peach aphid, Myzus
persicae; cotton melon aphid, Aphis gossypii; cowpea
aphid, Aphis craccivora; green citrus or spirea aphid,
Aphis spiraecola; corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum
maidis; citrus brown aphid, Toxoptera citrida; and rusty
plum aphid, Hysteroneura setariae.
An aphid gets the virus by feeding on an infected
plant for only a few seconds. The aphid can then transmit
the virus immediately the next time it bites into a plant,
then losing the virus. The virus is generally retained by
the aphid for no more than one hour. Winged aphids of
the above species are the most likely to spread the
virus to other pepper plants and are the most difficult to
control. The virus is also transmitted mechanically and
by grafting, but not by seed.

Control
Resistant/tolerant plant material is available from
– The World Vegetable Center, Taiwan.

Grow transplants in a nethouse or cover seedbeds
with a 32-mesh or finer mesh net to prevent introduction
of aphids. Use yellow sticky traps to monitor and to
reduce aphid populations.
Avoid touching or handling pepper plants prior to
setting them in the field. Remove any diseased
seedlings that show symptoms of the disease and place
them in a refuse pile away from pepper production fields.

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus

Aphid-Transmitted Bacilliform Virus
Found : worldwide World Vegetable Center

Symptoms

The foliage has a distinct bright yellow to white mosaic
that sometimes causes large areas of interveinal leaf
tissue to be bleached in appearance. Chlorotic line
patterns and veinal necrosis also may occur. Generally,
the leaves are not distorted in shape. If infected when
young, the plants may be stunted and their fruit will be
misshapen.it as quickly, but the aphid actually retains the virus for
only a short period of time. The virus is also readily
transmitted mechanically and by grafting.
Conditions for Disease Development

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is found most commonly in
pepper crops that have been planted near alfalfa, clover
or other legumes. It is generally considered to be a
minor threat to pepper production.
Transmission by seed is the primary means of
establishment of the virus while aphid transmission is
more important for the subsequent spread in field
plantings. AMV is transmitted by many species of
aphids including the green peach aphid, Myzus
persicae. The aphid can acquire the virus by feeding on
an infected plant for less than a minute and can transmit

Control
Pepper varieties resistant to AMV are not available.
Various control measures are required because
AMV is transmitted by seed, aphids, and mechanically.
Control measures must take into account the disease’s
wide host range (alfalfa, pepper, tomato, tobacco, potato,
clover, many cucurbits and beans, and several other
crops and weeds) and numerous aphid vectors.
Use virus-free pepper seed. Check transplants for
any symptom development and discard those with
symptoms. One or two transplants on either side of
the affected plants should also be discarded. Avoid
touching or handling healthy plants after handling plants
suspected of virus infection. Wash hands with soap
afterwards or use disposable gloves when handling
infected plants.
AMV-infected vegetable seedlings are potential
primary sources of the virus. Cover seedlings with mesh
size of 32 or higher to prevent aphids. Do not clip or
damage young seedlings since this increases the possibility
of mechanical transmission of the virus from
contaminated tools or hands.
Aphid control may be difficult because the virus is
transmitted very rapidly by these insects. Use fastacting
insecticide sprays since aphids may move to
other nearby unsprayed plants when disturbed.
Disinfect tools, stakes, and equipment before moving
from diseased areas to healthy areas. Work in diseased
areas last, after working in unaffected parts of a field.
Other less effective measures include: planting
barrier crops that are not susceptible to AMV such as
corn, applying sticky traps, or covering the ground with
an aphid deterrent material like aluminum foil strips.
Another control strategy is to grow trap crops nearby
that attract aphids and then spray these plants with a
contact insecticide to destroy the aphid populations.
Also, spray the pepper crop with mineral oil to delay
virus spread in the field by interfering with aphid
transmission of the virus.