SELAMAT TAHUN BARU

Bersyukur kami ke hadrat Ilahi dengan limpah kurnia dan
hidayahnya dapat saya menyempurnakan matlamat2 bagi bagi tahun 2008
Perancangan yang teliti dan tepat dengan mengambil kira faktor-faktor yang
berkaitan adalah perlu kerana ianya saling berkaitan dan mempengaruhi
keputusan yang akan dibuat. Kesilapan dalam membuat perancangan akan
mengakibatkan objektif dan matlamat yang telah ditetapkan sukar dicapai.
Di sini juga kami ingin megucapkan ribuan terima kasih kepada mereka2 yang terlibat dalam menjayakan matlamat2 tersebut,didalam memperkasan ilmu2 didalam bidang2 pertanian ini juga mereka seperti saudara nasir dan En muzahar telah banyak berkongsi ilmu mengenai masalah2 berkaitan penyakit2 tumbuhan dan kaedah penyelesaian.tidak lupa juga En marzuki dari my-fertigasi yg sudi berkongsi ilmu mengenai selok belok dunia perniagaan .Rakan2 seperjuangan di UEM dahulu telah sedikit sebanyak membantu dalam mendapatkan pembekal2 alatan2 pengairan ,sehingga saya dapat membekalkan peralatan2 pengairan pada harga yang agak murah.Forum BICARA JUTAWAN juga telah membuatkan saya mempunyai ramai kenalan dalam bidang pertanian kususnya tanaman cili .mereka2 ini juga banyak memberi idea yg membuatkan pelaksanaan bejalan lebih pantas.
Saya juga tidak akan berjaya jika tidak medapat sokongan yang teguh dari isteri yang bernama Nur an nisaa ,beliau juga sanggup berpanas membantu saya bagi memastikan matlamat2 saya bagi tahun 2008 tercapai.kesangupanya membantu saya membungkus baja2 yg di pesan sehingga lewat pagi bagi memastikan pengedaran dapat dilakukan tepat pada masa .
Tanpa berkat doa kedua ibubapa juga saya tidak akan sampai ketahap ini .jadi di sini saya mengucapkan ribuan terima kasih yang tidak terhingga kepada kedua ibubapa saya juga sanggup berhujan dan berpanas bagi memastikan tanaman anak meraka menjadi dan membuahkan hasil yang lumayan.Adik beradik saya seperti angah ,alang, udin dan arif .mereka inilah orang yang telah banyak membantu dalam menyiapka tapak projek tanaman saya .
akhir sekali saya mengucapakan ribuan terima kasih kepada mereka2 yang telah membantu saya bagi menjayakan matlamat 2 saya bagi tahun 2008
Disini saya mengambil kesempatan mengucapkan selamat TAHUN BARU 2009 kepada mereka2 yang megenali saya .semoga tahun 2009 menjadi tahun yang lebih baik

Green Patrol ES

kawalan serangga (kutu trip)

Green Patrol ES + racun lain = racun lain + Green Patrol ES =akan lebih berkesan

secara sendirian tidak berkesan keatas Kutu Trip
Kutu trip merupakan perosak utama cili, tomato , kekacang, bendi, terong, timun, mangga, betik dll.
Kebanyak racun kimia tidak berkesan untuk mengawal nya. Green Patrol ES secara sendirian pun
tidak berapa berkesan mengawal nya.
Green Patrol ES jika di campur dengan racun kimia yang di perakuai pembunuh kutu trip akan
membuat campuran ini lebih berkesan. Di syorkan di campur kepada Green Patrol ES dengan
1 Cypermethrin = (Chiptrin 5.5, Nong Dat 500, Consult 5EC, AGR Cylac 10EC dll.)
2 Imidacloprid = (Confidor, Admire 200SL, Imida 200, Nascent 18.2SL dll.)
3 Deltamethrin = (Delta 1.4EC, Destin 1.4EC, Fujita B, Lonsat, Deltatox 140 dll.)
4 Spinosad = (Success 25SC)
5 Chlorpyrifos = (Losban 40EC, Zesban 45 dll.)
6 Diafenthiuron = (Pegasus 250SC dll)
7 Acetamiprid = (Mospilan 20%WSC)
8 Malathion = (SK Malathion dll) ATAU LAIN LAIN BAHAN AKTIF secara bergilir-gilir. Guna
sekurang-kurang nya 3 bahan aktif bagi membunuh TRIP, supaya kekebalan dapat di
lewatkan.
NOTA: Racun-racun serengga dan kulat boleh di campur kepada cairan / bancuhan Green Patrol ES
dan BUKAN sebalikn

Kulapuk Downy bermula campur kepada GP dengan Mancozeb (Dithane SC, Manzeb 80 dll), 2)
jangkitan Hawa pucuk bermua campur kepada GP Chlorothalonil (Barrier 50WP, Delcotac 500, Roconil 500 dll.),
Copper Hydroxide (Bluemax, Kocide 101 dll.),

bersambung..................maklumat lanjut klik sini

diagnosis your crop

Quick Reference Guide
Unless you are an expert taxonomist or have easy access to a laboratory, the correct diagnosis of the problem is probably the most difficult (and critical) factor in your battle with the enemy as a whole host of problems can display similar very symptoms. The following guide will hopeful help you narrow down the problem.

The Leaves:

Yellowing
- see the sections on Aphids, Whitefly, Nematodes and Verticillium Wilt
- could also be caused by a Nitrogen or Magnesium deficiency, mineral deficiency, or excessive watering

Browning
� see Bacterial Leaf Spot and Phytopthora blight
- could also be caused by excessive nitrogen.

Curling/distortion
� see Aphids, Thrips, Spider mites and Viruses

Holed
� see slugs & snails and flea beetles

Scorched
� see sunscald
- could be caused by Chemical or fertiliser burns

Spots/Blotches
- see Bacterial Leaf Spot, Cercospora Leaf Spot Powdery Mildew, Phytopthora blight and viruses
- could also be caused by chemical injury

The Plants:

Browning Stems
- see Bacterial Leaf Spot and Phytopthora blight
- could also be caused by insufficient watering

Wilting
- see Verticilllium wilt, Bacterial Wilt & Phytopthora blight
- could also be caused by too little/too much watering

Plants Falling Over
� could be caused by waterlogged soil, insufficient plant support or poorly develop roots

Slow growth
� likely to be caused by inadequate light, poor soil, low temperatures. Note some Chile species particularly the Chinese are notoriously slow growing

The Pods:

Holes
- see slugs & snails and pepper maggots
- Birds and animals are also partial to the occasional chile pod (animals tend to avoid all but the mildest chile pods - though they might take a test nibble).

Spots/discolouration
� see Anthracnose, Bacterial leaf spot, Blossom End Rot, Phytopthora blight, Grey Mold and thrips
- could also be caused by sunscald or nutrient deficiencies

Distortion
� see Thrips, Spider mites and viruses. Poor Pollination can also cause this problem

Soft Rot
� see Bacterial Soft Rot and Grey mold

Failure to Ripen
� insufficient ripening time likely to be the problem

Insect Pests
The insects most likely to �enjoy� your chile plants are slugs & snails, aphids (greenfly/blackfly), pepper maggots,whitefly and nematodes. Flea beetles, cutworms, hornworms, thrips, spider mites and leafminers are less common. To control insect problems, regular inspection is again the key to success.

Slugs & Snails are probably the number 1 enemy of gardeners, these little devils can quite happily turn one of your prize specimens into a swiss cheese practically over night before sliding back to there hideaways, leaving you to wonder what happened. Thankfully, most slugs and snails leave behind one piece of incriminating evidence which helps to both diagnose the problem and track them down, a trail of slime! Slugs are hermaphrodites (they can mate with themselves) and can produce dozens of eggs several times a year. The egg clusters look like little piles of whitish jelly and hatch anywhere from 10 days 28 days. �Dispose� of any slugs and eggs wherever you find them.

Organic Strategies for Managing Pests

Organic Strategies for Managing Pests
1. Learn to tolerate some damage: Most healthy Chile plants can tolerate some damage without suffering serious long-term problems or yield reduction. Munched leaves/ damage pods can easily be removed to maintain the attractive appearance of your plant.

2. Introduce the 'Good guys': Aphids feeding in the spring can alarm many Chile growers. Introducing natural predators such as Ladybirds, Parasitic wasps and Lacewings will help clean up most local infestations in a month or so.

3. Hand pick/Hunt down: Hunting down snails and slugs and disposing of them can be a highly satisfying exercise particularly if the little blighters have already struck your prized plants. Night time 'slug hunts' during wet weather can be particularly productive.

4. The Water Hose: A strong water hose will temporarily dislodge flies, aphids and other pests from mature plants. However be careful not to saturate or damage your plants and avoid this using method on young seedlings.

5. Remove diseased plants or plant parts: Simply removing and disposing of badly damaged plants can help reduce the problem and prevent is spreading to adjacent plants.

6. Crop Rotation: This is particularly important strategy for tackling soil borne pathogens such as Verticillium Wilt and root rot.

7. Grow pest resistant & pest tolerant plants: Many hybridised varieties, particularly some of the newer sweet pepper varieties have been developed to give specific resistance to diseases such as Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and Bacterial Leaf Spot.

8. Innoculate: When growing in pots it is likely that sterilized soil has been used. Sterile soil is ripe for colinisation by many forms of bacteria, fungi, & insects. It is quite likely that the first colinization will not be beneficial. However, just as you can buy yogurts containing beneficial bacteria from the supermarket, you can also buy beneficial bacteria for your soil (though it is a little bit more difficult to get hold of). Beneficial Mycorhizzal fungi is also available, and is starting to become popular in many on-line shops. It may also be useful, depending upon the scope of your growing conditions, to introduce beneficial soil dwelling predatory insects. Introducing your own symbiotic bacteria, fungi, and insects limits the likelihood of colonisation by parasitic forms. In addition to aiding growth of the chile plant, & providing tolerance to environmental stresses, many forms of bacteria and Mycorhizzal fungi are also thought to innoculate the chile plant from diseases and viruses. In addition, they are helpful at reducing the conditions that make these diseases and viruses possible.

Whitefly

Whitefly-Transmitted
Geminiviruses

Found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and the Western
Hemisphere, depending on specific virus

Symptoms

Several whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses infect
peppers, including chino del tomate virus (CdTV), pepper
mild tigré virus (PMTV), Serrano golden mosaic virus
(SGMV), Sinaloa tomato leaf curl virus (STLCV), and
Texas pepper virus (TPV). These viruses all have similar
symptoms but are biologically and genetically distinct.
Symptoms depend upon the geminivirus and the
pepper variety. Common symptoms are stunting,
curling, or twisting of the leaves, bright yellow mosaic,
distortion of leaves and fruit, and reduced yields.
Peppers with CdTV infection are symptomless or
have a mild mosaic with slight leaf distortion (see below).
Symptoms due to PMTV include stunting, leaf distortion,
yellow-green mottling on foliage, and small, misshapen
fruit. These viruses are components of Tigré disease, a
severe disease complex.
Pepper plants affected by SGMV have foliage with
a bright golden mosaic color (see next page). STLCV
symptoms include foliage with yellow to yellowish-green
mosaic, interveinal chlorosis, and various degrees of
leaf curl from moderate to severe, as well as stunting
accompanied by shortened internodes, and small fruit.

Conditions for Disease Development

The pepper geminiviruses are transmitted by the sweet
potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, which is commonly
found in tropical and sub-tropical regions, and in
greenhouses in temperate areas. No aphid or thrip
transmission occurs, and only the TPV and SGMV
geminiviruses are mechanically transmitted from pepper
to pepper. Pepper geminiviruses are not seed-borne.
This whitefly has a very wide host range and feeds
by sucking plant juices from the underside of leaves of
crops such as pepper, tomato, tobacco, cucumber,
sweet potato, as well as some weeds. Adult whiteflies
look like tiny white moths, about 1–2 mm in length.
They fly when the leaf is disturbed.
The whitefly can acquire the virus after feeding on
infected plants for 15 to 30 minutes, and can transmit
the virus to pepper plants after 24 hours of incubation
within the insect. A period of at least 15 minutes feeding
on the new pepper host is subsequently required for
transmission of the virus. The whitefly retains the virus
for up to 20 days and does not transmit it to the progeny.
Symptoms develop on young plants after 10 to 14 days.
Hot and dry conditions favor the whitefly and
therefore help the spread of these viruses. Whitefly
populations decrease after heavy rains.

Control

Control of geminiviruses is difficult once a crop
becomes infected. Numerous cultural practices can be
used to prevent infestations.
Grow seedlings in an insect-proof nethouse or
seedbed (32-mesh size or finer) to prevent early
infection, which leads to severe crop damage.

A barrier of maize may be planted around the pepper
crop, and mulches of straw, sawdust or yellow plastic
or UV-reflective material will reduce landing of whiteflies.
Inter-planting of pepper with ‘bait’ plants may be
useful for control of this virus but other viruses may
increase in importance. The ‘bait’ plants are then
sprayed with an insecticide.
Timing of transplanting can be effective for avoiding
high populations of whitefly and therefore reducing
infection by pepper geminiviruses. Avoid overlapping
pepper crops that allow the vector to subsist and
develop new populations. Rotation with non-host crops
is also recommended. Roguing of volunteer pepper,
tomato and tobacco plants, and controlling weeds are
important to reduce sources of virus inoculum.
Chemical control methods include the use of
systemic insecticides as soil drenches or overhead
sprays during the seedling stages. Applications in the
field may be needed to control adults that emerge after
transplanting. Rotation of insecticides is recommended
to prevent insects developing resistanceto the
chemicals. Chemical control may not be effective in
areas where disease incidence is high.
Oil sprays may also be effective in reducing levels
of infestation. Neem tree seed extracts control young
nymphs, inhibit the growth and development of older
adults, and reduce egg-laying by adults.
Pepper varieties resistant or tolerant to pepper
geminiviruses are not yet commercially available.

TIMUN SUSU SECARA FERTIGASI EDISI DECEMBER 2008

PROJEK TANAMAN TIMUN SUSU 1000 POKOK DI LOT 2291 BATU 16 1/2 DUSUN TUA HULU LANGAT

SAIZ POLIBEG 20 X 20 UMUR POKOK 25 HARI DARI SEMAI TERUS KE POLIBEG

Bacterial Wilt

Cucurbit Diseases


Bacterial Wilt
Erwinia tracheiphila

Found in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa

Damage Symptoms

Crops affected are mainly cucumber and cantaloupe, but also squash and pumpkin to a limited extent. Watermelon is not affected. Foliage wilts suddenly, frequently on a single runner branch at first, followed by wilting of the entire plant. Wilt is permanent. Bacteria are abundant in the vascular tissue and exude in white droplets from vascular bundles on cut stems. The viscous bacterial mass will "string-out" when the cut ends of the stem are touched together.

Conditions for Development

The pathogen survives for extended periods in its cucumber beetle vectors. The striped beetle, Acalymma sp., and the spotted beetle, Diabrotica sp., transmit the pathogen. Therefore, conditions conducive to the development of these beetles favor the occurrence of the disease.


Control

Rogue diseased plants to prevent secondary spread of the pathogen. Control cucumber beetles with insecticides. Some cultivars are more tolerant that others, if available they should be used.

Stringing of bacterial slime from the vascular system

Striped cucumber beetle

Angular Leaf Spot

Cucurbit Diseases


Angular Leaf Spot
Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans


Found worldwide

Damage Symptoms

The disease can occur on most cucurbits but it is most common on cucumber. Characteristic symptoms on leaves are angular shaped, watersoaked lesions delimited by veins. With them the lesions turn brown and the centers fall out causing the leaves to be tattered. On fruits and stems, watersoaked spots exude a millky bacterial exudate that dries to form a white crust. Lesions on young fruit may cause a depression and result in a curved fruit.

Symptoms on cucumber fruits

Conditions for Development

The pathogen survives from one season to the next in infected crop debris and seed. Disease development is favored by excessive rainfall and humid conditions that lead to extended periods of leaf wetness. The pathogen is readily spread by water splash and wind-blown rain.


Control

Rotate crops, use pathogen-free seed, and use resistant cultivars. Fixed copper sprays beginning at first evidence of disease may minimize disease loss.

RAKAN TANI

kami sedang mencari rakan tani bagi projek tanaman secara fertigasi.bagi memenuhi keperluan pasaran .oleh itu kami menjemput anda semua bagi menjayakan program ini.bagi memastikan pogram ini berjalan lancar kami akan menyediakan peralatan pada harga minimun dan berkualiti.hasil2 pertanian yang akan dikeluarkan akan kami ambil pada harga ladang semasa


update 30 march 2009 .program rakan tani terpaksa di hentikan .disebabkan kami tidak dapat memenuhi keperluan bagi mengambil hasil yang di tanam .untuk 30 peserta yang sudah menyertai syarat2 akan kami patuhi seperti biasa dan berjalan seperti biasa sehingga tamat kontrak. .LANGKAH INI DI AMBIL bagi mengatasi masalah pengumpulan hasil yg berlaku sekali gus merosakan kualiti buah .walau bagaimanapun satu program baru akan kami lancarkan dengan konsep yang lebih menarik(menang menang) .program tersebut akan di pantau 100% oleh kami dan memudahkan pengumpulan hasil

30 MARCH 2009 dengan ini program RAKAN TANI SECARA RASMI DI BERHENTIKAN .SEHINGGA SEGALA MASALAH DAPAT DIATASI

Broad Mite

Broad Mite
Polyphagotarsonemus latus

Damage symptoms

Damage is usually confined to undersides of leaves, where areas between veins are brownish and dried out and brittle in severe cases. Young leaves are cupped downward and narrower than normal.


Mite characteristics

Individuals are extremely small, about the size of a grain of sand, and not clearly visible to the naked eye. They are found in groups hidden around the mid-vein on the undersides of the leaves. They appear crablike and are yellow or white.


Where to look

Locate leaves with a brownish cast, preferably young leaves that are beginning to curl under. With a 10x magnifying glass, look at areas on the undersides of the leaves around the mid-vein. There you should see the crablike mites. Definitive identification of species should be reserved for an expert.


Technical information

Females lay eggs singly on the surface of the leaves. These eggs are white, oval, and extremely large compared to adults that lay them. Populations are continual but appear to be limited at high temperatures. Broad mites also feed on tomato, potato, beans, and pepper.

Wilting


Figure of mite


Surface damage

Tomato Fruitworm

Tomato Fruitworm
Helicoverpa armigera
Damage symptoms

A small darkened partially healed hole at the base of the fruit pedicel is evident. The inside of the fruit has a cavity that contains frass and decay. Damaged fruits ripen early, but these are not usually marketable.


Insect characteristics

Chewing mouthparts. The young, small caterpillars have prominent rows of dark bumps (tubercles) on their backs. The older, larger ones vary in color from dark gray to light brown and have lengthwise stripes on their bodies. Adult moths are usually active at night.

Where to look

Look at the base of the fruit pedicel. If you find a darkened hole, remove the fruit and cut it open. Inside you will see tunneling caused by the insect. This cavity may contain frass and decay. Often the caterpillar is present.

Technical information

In warm areas, several generations may occur. Caterpillars often move from one fruit to the next destroying only small portions of each fruit. Pupation occurs in soil near the base of the plant. Adults are extremely fecund; they are active during the day but more commonly at dust. Eggs are laid on the pepper plant. These insects are pests of other crops in the solanaceous family, for example, tomato. They also commonly feed on maize.

Caterpillar inside pepper


External damage

Thrips

Thrips
Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips palmi

Damage symptoms Areas near the mid-vein are brown and dried up. The major damage occurs on the undersides of new or old leaves. Leaves tend to curl upward like the shell of a boat. They appear distorted or misshapen. Insect characteristics Modified piercing-sucking mouthparts. These insects are very small, about the size of a flea. They are just visible to the naked eye. The young are yellow or white. Adults are darker and brownish with or without stripes on their backs. Where to look Inspect the upper surface of the leaves for brownish damaged areas on either side of the mid-vein. Insects congregate at the mid-vein or at the borders of damaged areas and feed on healthy tissue.

Technical information

Adults lay eggs within leaf tissues and the young hatch after several days. Adults are excitable and fly off if disturbed. Pupation occurs in the soil usually at the base of the plant. Definitive identification of species should be made by trained taxonomists. Thrips feed on a wide variety of vegetable crops. Some species are host-specific and some are not.

Leaf curling


Scarred fruits

Cotton Aphid

Cotton Aphid
Aphis gossypii

Damage symptoms

Leaves are distorted, stunted, and often curled under. The upper leaf surface is sticky and has a black moldy growth (sooty mold). The plants have fewer frutis than usual. Some wilting may also be evident.


Insect characteristics

Piercing-sucking mouthparts. These are small pear-shaped insects with prominent reddish eyes. They vary in color from yellow to green to black. Some have transparent wings.


Where to look

Select leaves that are beginning to curl under or have signs of black sooty mold on the upper surface. Turn them over and look for groups of variable-sized insects. You will see adults and young living and feeding together.


Technical information

The cotton aphid has continual generations and many different hosts. When populations on the host plant are high, winged forms are produced, and they fly to adjacent plants to establish new colonies. Aphid colonies are commonly visited by ants which feed on the honeydew secreted by the aphids. This honeydew also serves as the food on which the sooty mold grows. The cotton aphid is a virus vector and has a wide host range including many vegetable crops.


Control by

green patrol es can be using to control aphid

Distortion and curling of leaves


Sooty mold


Aphids on leaf